Mann Makhene Machinery Services specialises in the refurbishment, maintenance, inspection, and repair of all types of industrial rotary turbines – hydro-powered turbines, specifically impulse-driven hydro-power turbines. We offer detailed repair services, including specialised repair work in accordance with ISO Standards, with full Quality Control, Non-Destructive Testing and Data Books.
We have accumulated extensive knowledge and expertise in industrial rotary turbines over many years, and we are ready to assist you with your project.
What is a Turbine?
A turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of a fluid, such as water, steam, air, or combustion gases, into the rotational motion of the device. Turbines are commonly utilised in power generation, engines, and propulsion systems. They are classified as turbomachines because they transmit and modify energy. Industrial Rotary Turbines are used in a variety of applications, and each type of turbine requires a slightly different construction to do its job properly. The energy produced by a turbine can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator.
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Types of Industrial Rotary Turbines
Industrial Rotary Turbines are classified into two types (impulse turbines and reaction turbines) based on how much water flows through their runners.
Hydro-Powered Turbines
The type of hydropower turbine selected for a project is based on the height of standing water, referred to as “head”, and the flow, or volume of water over time, at the site. Other deciding factors include how deep the turbine must be set, turbine efficiency, and cost.
Hydro-powered turbines are a type of rotating machinery that are used to generate electricity from the energy of moving water. They work by harnessing the kinetic energy of falling water and converting it into mechanical energy, which is then used to generate electricity.
Reaction Turbine
A reaction turbine is a type of hydro-power turbine that uses the kinetic energy of moving water to generate mechanical energy. It consists of a series of blades or vanes mounted on a rotor, which is typically mounted inside a stationary casing.
A reaction turbine utilises the combined forces of pressure and moving water to generate power. A runner is submerged in the water, allowing water to flow over the blades rather than striking each one individually. Reaction turbines are typically used in sites with low heads and high flows. The two most common types of reaction turbines are Propeller and Francis. Kinetic turbines are another type of reaction turbine.
Reaction turbines have vast applications and can be classified in different ways. A reaction turbine is different from an impulse turbine in many ways.
Advantages of Reaction Turbine:
- It is very efficient in terms of hydraulics.
- This takes up less room.
- Exhaust systems for reaction turbines are oil-free.
- It is small.
- It has a high tolerance for high temperatures and pressure.
- It operates at high speed.
- It is simple to build.
- The blade is more efficient than an impulse turbine.
Impulse Turbine
An impulse turbine is a type of hydro-power turbine that uses the force of water hitting a series of blades to generate mechanical energy. It consists of a series of stationary nozzles or guides, which direct the water flow onto a series of blades mounted on a rotor. The water flow hits the blades, causing the rotor to rotate. This rotation is then used to drive a generator, which produces electricity.
An impulse turbine moves the runner using the velocity of the water and discharges at atmospheric pressure. A water stream hits each bucket on the runner. Water flows out the bottom of the turbine housing after hitting the runner because there is no suction on the downside of the turbine. In general, impulse turbines are ideal for high-head, low-flow applications.
Pelton (These are impulse turbines that use a single jet of water to strike the blades. They are typically used in high-head (greater than 300 meters) hydroelectric projects) and crossflow turbines (uses the oscillating motion of a column of water to generate mechanical energy) are the two main types of impulse turbines.
